Multiple Myeloma Symptoms
Multiple myeloma often announces itself through bone pain and unexplained fatigue. Unlike solid tumors, it starts inside your bone marrow. Do not dismiss persistent back pain or repeated infections as “just getting older.” If you notice any of the following for more than two weeks—especially if you are over 60, have a family history of myeloma, or have been exposed to radiation or certain chemicals—seek expert evaluation immediately:
Symptom | What to Watch For |
Persistent Bone Pain | Deep, aching pain in the back, ribs, or hips that worsens with movement; often described as “crushing” or “boring.” |
Unexplained Fractures | Breaking a bone with minimal trauma (e.g., coughing, bending over)—especially in the spine or ribs. |
Extreme Fatigue | Severe tiredness due to anemia (low red blood cells), not relieved by rest. |
Frequent Infections | Recurrent pneumonia, urinary tract infections, or sinusitis due to low normal antibodies (hypogammaglobulinemia). |
Kidney Problems | Foamy urine (protein), swelling in legs/ankles, or sudden rise in creatinine; caused by excess light chains (Bence Jones protein) damaging kidneys. |
Systemic Signs | Unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or numbness/tingling in hands/feet (neuropathy). |
If you are over 60, have a first-degree relative with myeloma or other blood cancer, carry certain genetic variants, have been exposed to radiation, pesticides, or benzene, or have a prior diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)—annual serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and free light chain assay can detect myeloma at an early stage before organ damage occurs.
