Lymphoma Precision Diagnosis

At Fosun Health, lymphoma diagnosis is not just about "finding a lump" —it is about determining the exact subtype (Hodgkin vs. non Hodgkin, B cell vs. T cell, indolent vs. aggressive), mapping genetic drivers, and stratifying risk to design a personalized plan that maximizes cure while minimizing long term side effects. Our streamlined pathway delivers answers within days:

Step 1: Excisional or Core Needle Biopsy

The gold standard. We remove an entire lymph node (excisional biopsy) or take a large core of tissue (core needle biopsy) under ultrasound/CT guidance. Fine needle aspiration is insufficient for initial diagnosis. The sample is examined for architecture (effacement of normal nodes), cell size, and mitotic rate.

Step 2: Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Uses antibodies to detect surface markers (CD20, CD3, CD30, CD15, MUM1, BCL2, BCL6, MYC, Ki-67, etc.) to determine cell lineage (B vs. T), differentiation stage, and proliferation index. This distinguishes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from follicular lymphoma, Burkitt, mantle cell, Hodgkin, etc.

Step 3: Flow Cytometry

For blood, bone marrow, or fresh lymph node tissue. Rapidly identifies clonal B-cells or aberrant T-cell populations, and measures markers for minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring.

Step 4: PET-CT

The most important staging tool. Detects all involved lymph node regions (neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis) and extranodal sites (spleen, liver, bone, lung). PET-CT determines Ann Arbor stage (I-IV) and provides baseline for response assessment (Deauville score) after treatment.

Step 5: Molecular Profiling (NGS & FISH)

Using tumor tissue, we analyze MYC, BCL2, BCL6 rearrangements (FISH) for double-hit/triple-hit lymphoma ; TP53, EZH2, CREBBP, NOTCH1, BRAF mutations; and over 300 lymphoma-related genes. This determines whether your lymphoma will respond to BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, orelabrutinib) for mantle cell or CLL, BCL2 inhibitor (venetoclax) for t(14;18) positive follicular or CLL, EZH2 inhibitors (tazemetostat) for EZH2 mutant follicular lymphoma, ALK inhibitors (crizotinib, alectinib) for ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, camrelizumab) for Hodgkin lymphoma and certain T-cell lymphomas, or bispecific antibodies (CD20×CD3, CD19×CD3) and CAR-T therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas.

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